offering circular

• offering circular

• offering circular

1) General subject: binding, booklet, brochure, chapbook, folder, pam, pamphlet, paper-wrapped book, tract (особ. на политические или религиозные темы)

2) Polygraphy: fly-sheet, folded brochure

3) Jargon: minidex (в варгеймах - разработанный игроками набор доп. правил)

4) Information technology: leaflet

5) Advertising: pamphlet (издание в виде книжечки в мягкой обложке)

6) Patents: brochure (многополосный печатный материал часто рекламного характера)

7) Business: offering circular

8) Makarov: booklet (в США книга, содержания не более 24 страниц), paper-covered book, paperback book, paperbound book

9) Marketology: prospect

10) Microsoft: book fold

(эмиссии) prospectus, offering circular

- предварительный проспект выпуска акций

- окончательный проспект нового выпуска

- предварительный проспект нового выпуска

- проспект облигационного займа

- проспект предстоящей эмиссии

- проспект продажи ценных бумаг

- утверждение проспекта эмиссии ценных бумаг

(предложения ценных бумаг) [issue] prospectus, offering circular

- проспект выпуска ценных бумаг

- окончательный проспект нового выпуска

- предварительный проспект нового выпуска

- проспект облигационного займа

- предварительный проспект

- проспект предстоящей эмиссии

- проспект размещения

मध्य a. [मन्-यत् नस्य धः Tv.]

1 Middle, central, being in the middle or centre; एकं मुक्तागुणमिव भुवः स्थूल- मध्येन्द्रनीलम् Me.48; Ms.2.21.

-2 Intervening, inter- mediate.

-3 Middling, moderate, of a middling size or quality, mediocre; अग्ऱ्यो मध्यो जघन्यश्च तं प्रवेक्ष्याम्यशेषतः Ms.12.3; प्रारभ्य विघ्नविहता विरमन्ति मध्याः Bh.2.27.

-4 Neutral, impartial.

-5 Just, right.

-6 Mean (in astr.).

-ध्यः, -ध्यम् 1 The middle, centre, middle or central part; अह्नः मध्यम् midday; सहस्रदीधितिरलंकरोति मध्यमह्नः Māl.

1 'the sun is on the meridian' or 'right over-head'; सरति सहसा बाह्वोर्मध्यं गताप्यबला सती M.4.11 (v. l.); व्योममध्ये V.2.1.

-2 The middle of the body, the waist; मध्ये क्षामा Me.84; वेदिविलग्नमध्या Ku.1.39; विशाल- वक्षास्तनुवृत्तमध्यः R.6.32; दधाना बलिभं मध्यं कर्णजाहविलोचना Bk.4.16.

-3 The belly, abdomen; मध्येन... वलित्रयं चारु बभार बाला Ku.1.39.

-4 The inside or interior of anything.

-5 A middle state or condition.

-6 The flank of a horse.

-7 Mean time in music.

-8 The middle term of a progression.

-9 Cessation, pause, interval.

-ध्या 1 The middle finger.

-2 A young woman, one arrived at puberty.

-ध्यम् Ten thousand billions. [The acc., instr., abl. and loc. singulars of मध्य are used adverbially. (a) मध्यम् into the midst of, into. (b) मध्येन through or between. (c) मध्यात् out of, from among, from the midst (with gen.); तेषां मध्यात् काकः प्रोवाच Pt.1. (d) मध्ये

1 in the middle, between, among, in the midst; स जहार तयोर्मध्ये मैथिलीं लोकशोषणः R.12.29.

-2 in, into, within, inside, oft. as the first member of adverbial compounds; e. g. मध्येगङ्गम् into the Ganges; मध्येजठरम् in the belly; Bv.1.61; मध्येनगरम् inside the city; मध्येनदि in the middle of the river; मध्येपृष्ठम् on the back; मध्येभक्तम् a medicine taken in the middle of one's meals; मध्येरणम् in the battle; Bv.1.128; मध्ये- सभम् in or before an assembly; N.6.76; मध्येसमुद्रम् in the midst of the sea; Śi.3.33.].

-Comp. -अङ्गुलिः, -ला f. the middle finger.

-अह्नः (for अहन्) midday, noon; प्रातःकालो मुहूर्तांस्त्रीन् संगवस्तावदेव तु । मध्याह्नस्त्रिमुहूर्तं स्यात्...... Dakṣasamhitā. ˚कृत्यम्, ˚क्रिया a midday rite or observance. ˚कालः, ˚वेला, ˚समयः noontime, midday. ˚स्नानम् midday ablution.

-आदित्यः the mid-day sun.

-उदात्त a. having the उदात्त accent on the middle syllable.

-कर्णः a radius.

-क्ष्मामा N. of a metre.

-ग a. being or going in the middle or among.

-गत a. central, middle, being in the middle.

-गन्धः the mango tree.

-ग्रहणम् the middle of an eclipse.

-छाया mean or middle shadow.

-जिह्वम् the organ of the palatals.

-ज्या the sign of the meridian.

-तमस् n. circular or annular darkness, central darkness.

-तापिनी N. of an Upaniṣad.

-दन्तः a front tooth.

-दिनम् (also मध्यंदिनम्); मध्यंदिने$र्धरात्रे च Ms.7.151.

1 midday, noon.

-2 a midday offering.

-दीपकम् a variety of the figure called Dīpaka, in which the common attribute that throws light on the whole description is placed in the middle; e. g; गरुडानिलतिग्मरश्मयः पततां यद्यपि संमता जवे । अचिरेण कृतार्थमागतं तममन्यन्त तथाप्यतीव ते ॥ Bk.1.25.

-देशः 1 the middle region or space, the middle part of anything.

-2 the waist.

-3 the belly.

-4 the meridian.

-5 the central region, the country lying between the Himālaya and Vindhya mountains; हिमवद्विन्ध्ययोर्मध्यं यत्प्राग्विनशनादपि । प्रत्यगेव प्रयागाच्च मध्यदेशः स कीर्तितः ॥ Ms.2.21.

-देहः the trunk of the body, the belly.

-निहित a. inserted, fixed into.

-पदम् the middle word. ˚लेपिन् see मध्यमपदलोपिन्.

-परिमाणम् the middle measure (between an atom and infinitude).

-पातः 1 communion, intercourse.

-2 (in astr.) the mean occurrence of the aspect.

-प्रविष्ट a. one who has stolen into another's confidence; Ks.

-भः (in astr.) the meridian ecliptic point.

-भागः 1 the middle part.

-2 the waist.

-भावः 1 middle state, mediocrity.

-2 a middling or moderate distance.

-मणिः the principle or central gem of a necklace.

-यवः a weight of six white mustard-seeds.

-योगिन् a. being in the middle of a conjunction, completely obscured.

-रात्रः, -रात्रिः f. midnight.

-रेखा the central or first meridian; (the line supposed to be drawn through लङ्का, उज्जयिनी, कुरुक्षेत्र and other places to the mount मेरु).

-लग्नम् the point of the ecliptic situated on the meridian.

-लोकः the middle of the three worlds; i. e. the earth or world of mortals. ˚ईशः, ˚ईश्वरः a king.

-वयस् a. middle-aged.

-वर्तिन् a.

1 middle, central.

-2 being among or in the middle. (-m.) an arbitrator, a mediator.

-वृत्तम् the navel.

-शरीर a.

1 having a middle-sized body.

-2 one of moderately full habit.

-सूत्रम् = मध्यरेखा q. v.

-स्थ a.

1 being or standing in the middle, central.

-2 intermediate, intervening.

-3 middling.

-4 mediating, acting as umpire between two parties.

-5 impartial, neutral; सुहृन्मित्रार्युदासीनमध्यस्थ- द्वेष्यबन्धुषु... समबुद्धिर्विशिष्यते Bg.6.9.

-6 indifferent, unconcerned; अन्या मध्यस्थचिन्ता तु विमर्दाभ्यधिकोदया Rām. 2.2.16; मध्यस्थो देशबन्धुषु Pt.4.6; वयमत्र मध्यस्थाः Ś.5.

(-स्थः) 1 an umpire, arbitrator, a mediator.

-2 an epithet of Śiva.

-स्थता 1 intermediate position.

-2 middle state or character.

-3 mediocrity.

-4 arbitra- tion, mediatorship.

-5 impartiality; मध्यस्थतां गृहीत्वा भण M.3 'say impartially'; मध्यस्थतानैकतरोपहासः N.

-6 indif- ference.

-स्थलम्, -स्थली 1 the middle or centre.

-2 the middle space or region.

-3 the waist.

-4 the hip; कुचौ मरिचसंनिभौ मुरजमध्यमध्यस्थली Udb.

-स्थानम् 1 the middle station.

-2 the middle space; i. e. air.

-3 a neutral region.

-स्थित a. central, intermediate.

-ता indiffer- ence.

-स्वरित a. having the स्वरित accent on the middle syllable.

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.

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